The three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne’s grandsons, divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms. Lothair received the central portion of the empire - what later became the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and Italy, and the imperial title as an honour without more than nominal overlordship. Louis the German received the portion east of the Rhine, much of today’s Germany. This was called the Eastern Frankish Realm, and was the precursor to the Holy Roman Empire. Charles the Bald received the western portion (the Western Frankish Realm) which later became France. The treaty marks he effective beginning of the Franco-German divide in European history.
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Citation: Editors, Litencyc. "Treaty of Verdun concluded". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 01 May 2009 [https://staging.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=6941, accessed 23 November 2024.]